{"id":51375,"date":"2026-08-01T03:27:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T03:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/japan-cigarette-decline-heated-tobacco"},"modified":"2026-08-01T14:12:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T14:12:42","slug":"japan-cigarette-decline-heated-tobacco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/vape-novinky\/japan-cigarette-decline-heated-tobacco","title":{"rendered":"Pokles japonsk\u00fdch cigaret o 52 %: Jak zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k vytla\u010dil spalov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsko zaznamenalo jeden z nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch propad\u016f prodeje cigaret, jak\u00fd byl kdy v hlavn\u00edm trhu zaznamen\u00e1n, kdy\u017e umo\u017enilo vstup zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku (HTP) do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 udr\u017eelo tekut\u00fd nikotin omezen\u00fd. Tato regula\u010dn\u00ed \u201erozd\u011blenost\u201c nasm\u011brovala dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ky k ne-spalovan\u00fdm alternativ\u00e1m, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eila prodej cigaret o v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu u\u017e b\u011bhem necel\u00e9ho desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:25px;border-top-right-radius:25px;border-bottom-left-radius:25px;border-bottom-right-radius:25px;padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pokles o 52,7 %:<\/strong> Prodej b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch (spalovan\u00fdch) cigaret klesl o v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu v obdob\u00ed 2011 a\u017e 2023 po zaveden\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regula\u010dn\u00ed asymetrie:<\/strong> Tekut\u00fd nikotin z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 podle farmaceutick\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f omezen, zat\u00edmco zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi tab\u00e1kov\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Motivace d\u00edky ur\u010den\u00fdm prostor\u016fm:<\/strong> N\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony bez kou\u0159e zaveden\u00e9 v roce 2018 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed HTP ve vyhrazen\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch pro stolov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zakazuj\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cigaret.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159echod slad\u011bn\u00fd se st\u00e1tem:<\/strong> Japonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo financ\u00ed vlastn\u00ed zhruba t\u0159etinov\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti Japan Tobacco, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sladilo st\u00e1tn\u00ed a firemn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy s p\u0159echodem na zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 alternativy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed zdokumentovalo pokles prodeje dom\u00e1c\u00edch cigaret o 52,7 % mezi lety 2011 a 2023. Tato zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 prob\u011bhla na trhu historicky charakterizovan\u00e9m vysokou m\u00edrou kou\u0159en\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f, byla spu\u0161t\u011bna zaveden\u00edm produkt\u016f zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku (HTP) na konci roku 2014. T\u00edm, \u017ee Japonsko reguluje HTP jako tab\u00e1k sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jako zdravotnick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, vytvo\u0159ilo pr\u00e1vn\u00ed cestu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila dosp\u011bl\u00fdm ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159ej\u00edt od spalov\u00e1n\u00ed k alternativ\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zat\u00edmco mnoho zem\u00ed omezilo nebo zak\u00e1zalo ne-spalovan\u00e9 alternativy, japonsk\u00fd r\u00e1mec politiky umo\u017enil, aby tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 ty\u010dinky ur\u010den\u00e9 k zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konkurovaly p\u0159\u00edmo tradi\u010dn\u00edm cigaret\u00e1m. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zkr\u00e1til \u010dasovou osu propad\u016f kou\u0159en\u00ed a poskytl praktickou uk\u00e1zku toho, jak substituce \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 trhem dok\u00e1\u017ee vytla\u010dit spalovan\u00fd tab\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-54d22900 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce: <a href=\"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/studie-o-vapingu\/vaping-heated-tobacco-vs-smoking-cardiovascular-health\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/study\/vaping-heated-tobacco-vs-smoking-cardiovascular-health\">Jsou e-cigarety a zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro va\u0161e srdce ne\u017e kou\u0159en\u00ed?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px\" \/>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 trendy kou\u0159en\u00ed a postupn\u00fd pokles<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 Japonsko m\u011blo mezi zem\u011bmi s vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy jeden z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u201ecigaretov\u00fdch\u201c dopad\u016f. Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f dos\u00e1hlo vrcholu 83,7 % v roce 1966, co\u017e bylo podpo\u0159eno spole\u010densk\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm a \u0161irokou dostupnost\u00ed levn\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch cigaret. Naproti tomu prevalence kou\u0159en\u00ed u \u017een z\u016fst\u00e1vala n\u00edzk\u00e1, pohybovala se kolem 16 %, proto\u017ee siln\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy odrazovaly \u017eeny od kou\u0159en\u00ed na ve\u0159ejnosti, jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed historick\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy od\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jt.com\/media\/news\/2018\/pdf\/20180730_02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Japan Tobacco Inc. (2018)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V dal\u0161\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch m\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed postupn\u011b klesala. Podle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nibn.go.jp\/eiken\/kenkounippon21\/download_files\/eiyouchousa\/2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">N\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eivy (2019)<\/a> pokleslo pravideln\u00e9 kou\u0159en\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch z 46,8 % u mu\u017e\u016f a 11,3 % u \u017een v roce 2003 na 27,1 % u mu\u017e\u016f a 7,6 % u \u017een v roce 2019. Celkov\u011b to odpov\u00eddalo m\u00ed\u0159e kou\u0159en\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch 16,7 %.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I kdy\u017e byl tento pokles pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd, tempo sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch vysp\u011bl\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na kontrolu tab\u00e1ku, jako jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 osv\u011btov\u00e9 kampan\u011b a m\u00edrn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00ed, m\u011bly na hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bnou japonskou kou\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kulturu jen postupn\u00fd (inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed) vliv. Trajektorie se zm\u011bnila ve chv\u00edli, kdy na spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fd trh vstoupila technologie zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rok 2014 jako spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d: Zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do Nagoji<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V listopadu 2014 spustila spole\u010dnost Philip Morris International sv\u016fj syst\u00e9m IQOS na zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k jako testovac\u00ed trh v Nagoji. Produkt zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 ty\u010dinky na teploty pod \u00farovn\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uvol\u0148uje aerosol obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nikotin bez produkce kou\u0159e, popela nebo ohn\u011b. Reakce trhu byla okam\u017eit\u00e1. Test se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do 12 prefektur do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015, n\u00e1sledovalo celost\u00e1tn\u00ed uveden\u00ed v dubnu 2016, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/content\/27\/e1\/e25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Tabuchi et al. (2018)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konkurenti rychle n\u00e1sledovali. Japan Tobacco uvedla Ploom TECH v b\u0159eznu 2016 a British American Tobacco p\u0159ivedla na trh glo v prosinci t\u00e9ho\u017e roku. B\u011bhem dvou let od celost\u00e1tn\u00edho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Japonsko dosahovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 98 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch prodej\u016f IQOS podle objemu, co\u017e demonstrovalo bezprecedentn\u00ed rychlost p\u0159ijet\u00ed spot\u0159ebiteli.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem pro to, pro\u010d m\u00edsto vaper\u016f s tekut\u00fdm nikotinem zaplnil tento substitu\u010dn\u00ed prostor pr\u00e1v\u011b zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k, byl regula\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Podle z\u00e1kona o l\u00e9\u010divech a zdravotnick\u00fdch prost\u0159edc\u00edch Japonsko klasifikuje tekut\u00fd nikotin jako farmaceutickou l\u00e1tku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v praxi zakazuje prodej e-cigaret s nikotinem u\u017e od roku 2010. Zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 produkty v\u0161ak obsahuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 listy, a proto spadaj\u00ed pod z\u00e1kon o tab\u00e1kov\u00e9m podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu mohly HTP obch\u00e1zet schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div a vstoupit do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch maloobchodn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Region\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdza od\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/content\/29\/4\/381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Stoklosa et al. (2020)<\/a> sledovala prodeje tab\u00e1ku nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d 11 japonsk\u00fdmi regiony. Studie potvrdila, \u017ee prodej b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cigaret za\u010dal klesat prudce p\u0159esn\u011b v moment\u011b, kdy byl IQOS v dan\u00e9m regionu zaveden, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vylou\u010dila alternativn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho poklesu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pos\u00edlen\u00ed politiky: Z\u00e1kon o podpo\u0159e zdrav\u00ed a \u00fapravy dan\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsko nede-regulovalo sv\u016fj tab\u00e1kov\u00fd trh; m\u00edsto toho upravilo kombinaci politik tak, aby pos\u00edlila spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fd posun od spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vl\u00e1da zavedla dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na podporu t\u00e9to zm\u011bny:<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postupn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00edch dan\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V letech 2018 a 2020 ministerstvo financ\u00ed zavedlo postupn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00edch dan\u00ed. Tyto zm\u011bny se vztahovaly na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 cigarety i na produkty zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku. Struktura dan\u00ed v\u0161ak zachovala cenov\u00fd rozd\u00edl, kter\u00fd udr\u017eel tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 ty\u010dinky pro zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed o n\u011bco levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 cigarety. Longitudin\u00e1ln\u00ed studie od\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/25\/4\/657\/6849786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Matsuyama a Tabuchi (2023)<\/a> zjistila, \u017ee tato zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00ed souvisela se sn\u00ed\u017eenou m\u00edrou n\u00e1vratu ke kou\u0159en\u00ed a se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm p\u0159echodem na ne-spalovan\u00e9 alternativy.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Novela z\u00e1kona o podpo\u0159e zdrav\u00ed z roku 2018<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed motiva\u010dn\u00ed prvek do politiky p\u0159i\u0161el prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm novely z\u00e1kona o podpo\u0159e zdrav\u00ed v roce 2018, kter\u00e1 se zav\u00e1d\u011bla postupn\u011b mezi \u010dervencem 2019 a dubnem 2020. Tento z\u00e1kon roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il povinn\u00e1 pravidla bez kou\u0159e na \u0161koly, nemocnice, restaurace a pracovi\u0161t\u011b. Jak ale analyzuj\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/content\/35\/1\/43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Togawa et al. (2026)<\/a>, legislativa zach\u00e1zela se zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdm tab\u00e1kem jinak ne\u017e s cigaretami ke spalov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ku\u0159\u00e1ck\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti pro spalov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou z\u0159\u00eddit vyhrazen\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ck\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, ale n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no konzumovat j\u00eddlo nebo n\u00e1poje uvnit\u0159.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00edstnosti pro zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k:<\/strong> Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou ozna\u010dit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku, kde maj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci ze z\u00e1kona povoleno j\u00edst a p\u00edt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento regula\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edl poskytl praktickou v\u00fdhodu jak majitel\u016fm podnik\u016f, tak spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm. Podporoval za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v oblasti pohostinstv\u00ed, aby sv\u00e9 prostory p\u0159izp\u016fsobila pouze pro zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce \u201ena okraj\u201c vytla\u010dilo kou\u0159en\u00ed spalovan\u00fdch cigaret.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturn\u00ed a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory p\u0159echodu<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rychl\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku v Japonsku podpo\u0159ily specifick\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a socioekonomick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Kou\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kultura zem\u011b byla siln\u011b orientovan\u00e1 na etiketu, s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi normami t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u010distoty a ohleduplnosti. Produkty zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku, kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pasivn\u00ed kou\u0159 a nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1pach na oble\u010den\u00ed ani vlasech, vy\u0159e\u0161ily v\u00fdznamn\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd t\u0159ec\u00ed bod pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nav\u00edc siln\u00e1 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e1 preference pro technologie a elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje usnadnila p\u0159ijet\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed HTP, zejm\u00e9na u mu\u017e\u016f ve v\u011bku 20 a\u017e 39 let. Ritu\u00e1l manipulace, nab\u00edjen\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eby elektronick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se snadno mapoval na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky ka\u017edodenn\u00edch ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do hry vstoupila i jedine\u010dn\u00e1 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnost japonsk\u00e9ho trhu. Podle z\u00e1kona mus\u00ed ministerstvo financ\u00ed dr\u017eet alespo\u0148 pod\u00edl jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny v Japan Tobacco, dominantn\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00edm v\u00fdrobci, jak je podrobn\u011b uvedeno v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jt.com\/investors\/results\/integrated_report\/report\/2023\/about\/info\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Integrovan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Japan Tobacco (2023)<\/a>. Tato fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed vazba historicky zpomalovala klasickou legislativu zam\u011b\u0159enou na kontrolu tab\u00e1ku, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 sladila finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy st\u00e1tu s p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm Japan Tobacco na zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 2020. let p\u0159edstavoval zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k v\u00edce ne\u017e 36 % celkov\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch prodej\u016f tab\u00e1ku v Japonsku, co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl zaznamenan\u00fd v jak\u00e9koli velk\u00e9 ekonomice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Region\u00e1ln\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea a Tchaj-wan<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dopad regula\u010dn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed Japonska je patrn\u00fd p\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s okoln\u00edmi trhy v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie. Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea a Tchaj-wan zvolily odli\u0161n\u00e9 cesty v p\u0159\u00edstupu k ne-spalovan\u00fdm alternativ\u00e1m, co\u017e vedlo k rozd\u00edln\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm na trhu.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji byl IQOS uveden na trh v \u010dervnu 2017. Pod\u00edl trhu zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku vzrostl do roku 2022 na 14,8 %, jak sleduje\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7509116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Lee (2020)<\/a>. I kdy\u017e to znamen\u00e1 rychl\u00fd p\u0159echod, substitu\u010dn\u00ed efekt byl v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Japonskem men\u0161\u00ed. Tento rozd\u00edl se p\u0159ipisuje tomu, \u017ee Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea m\u011bla otev\u0159en\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed trh pro e-cigarety s tekut\u00fdm nikotinem, co\u017e roz\u0161t\u011bpilo kategorii \u201eni\u017e\u0161\u00edho rizika\u201c a soupe\u0159ilo o pozornost spot\u0159ebitel\u016f zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd v restriktivn\u00edm japonsk\u00e9m trhu nenastal.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tchaj-wan naopak zvolil z\u00e1kaznickou (prohibi\u010dn\u00ed) strategii. V roce 2023 Tchaj-wan p\u0159ijal novely, kter\u00e9 zcela zak\u00e1zaly elektronick\u00e9 cigarety, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u017eadovaly p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch rizik pro produkty zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je v podstat\u011b udr\u017eely mimo leg\u00e1ln\u00ed trh. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-abstract\/27\/5\/945\/7906918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Wei et al. (2025)<\/a>, tato politika zanechala dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ky bez \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch leg\u00e1ln\u00edch, regulovan\u00fdch ne-spalovan\u00fdch alternativ, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zachovala tr\u017en\u00ed monopol na spalovan\u00e9 cigarety.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Regula\u010dn\u00ed aspekt<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 (spalovan\u00e9) cigarety<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Produkty zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku (HTP)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">E-cigarety s tekut\u00fdm nikotinem<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status<\/strong><\/td><td>Leg\u00e1ln\u00ed (v\u011bk 20+)<\/td><td>Leg\u00e1ln\u00ed (v\u011bk 20+)<\/td><td>De facto zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 (farmaceutick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Zdan\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148<\/td><td>M\u00edrn\u00e1 spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148 (o n\u011bco ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed)<\/td><td>N\/A (neregulovan\u00e9\/neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed v prostor\u00e1ch pro stolov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td>Zak\u00e1z\u00e1no (s v\u00fdjimkou m\u00edstnost\u00ed mimo stolov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/td><td>Povoleno ve vyhrazen\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch pro stolov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>Zak\u00e1z\u00e1no<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trend prodeje (2011\u20132023)<\/strong><\/td><td>Pokles o 52,7 %<\/td><td>R\u016fst z 0 na ~50 miliard jednotek<\/td><td>Zanedbateln\u00e9 (jen neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed trh)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ponau\u010den\u00ed pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed tab\u00e1kovou politiku<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsk\u00e1 zku\u0161enost nab\u00edz\u00ed jasn\u00e9 poznatky pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kou\u0159en\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Substituce produkt\u016f funguje:<\/strong> Dosp\u011bl\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1ci p\u0159ejdou dobrovoln\u011b od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cigaret, pokud maj\u00ed k dispozici uspokojiv\u00e9, leg\u00e1ln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 ne-spalovan\u00e9 alternativy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regula\u010dn\u00ed cesty z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed:<\/strong> Kdy\u017e se alternativy s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem za\u0159ad\u00ed do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f m\u00edsto do slo\u017eit\u00fdch zdravotnick\u00fdch r\u00e1mc\u016f, mohou se dostat k spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm a konkurovat cigaret\u00e1m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Slad\u011bn\u00ed praktick\u00fdch motivac\u00ed:<\/strong> Rozli\u0161en\u00ed pravidel pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tak, aby zv\u00fdhod\u0148ovalo ne-spalovan\u00e9 produkty oproti kou\u0159en\u00ed, poskytuje silnou ka\u017edodenn\u00ed motivaci pro spot\u0159ebitele, aby p\u0159e\u0161li.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japonsk\u00fd model ukazuje, \u017ee rychl\u00fd pokles spot\u0159eby cigaret nevy\u017eaduje \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz nikotinu. T\u00edm, \u017ee Japonsko umo\u017enilo technologick\u00fdm alternativ\u00e1m vytla\u010dit spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, urychlilo pokles sv\u00e9ho cigaretov\u00e9ho trhu rychleji ne\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 vysp\u011bl\u00e1 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-54d22900 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce: <a href=\"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/vape-novinky\/sv-dsko-bez-kou-en-snus-harm-redukce\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/news\/sweden-smoke-free-snus-harm-reduction\">\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 p\u016flstolet\u00e1 strategie snusu: P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed hranice 5% bez kou\u0159e<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px\" \/>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak regula\u010dn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed a zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k posunuly jeden z nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch propad\u016f prodeje cigaret v historii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2026],"tags":[2979,2028],"class_list":["post-51375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vape-novinky","tag-japonsko","tag-produkty-zahrivaneho-tabaku"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51375"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51375\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}