{"id":70296,"date":"2026-10-08T12:23:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying"},"modified":"2026-10-09T10:35:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T10:35:29","slug":"eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/vape-novinky\/eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying","title":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00e1 sm\u011brnice o tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch \u010del\u00ed kritice kv\u016fli nedostatku d\u016fkaz\u016f a kruhov\u00e9mu lobbov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise p\u0159ipravuje revizi sm\u011brnice o tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch<\/a> (TPD), jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it regula\u010dn\u00ed dohled z tradi\u010dn\u00edch tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f na v\u0161echny nikotinov\u00e9 produkty, v\u010detn\u011b nikotinov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edchut\u00ed do vapovac\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Legislativn\u00ed iniciativa, kterou vede komisa\u0159 pro zdrav\u00ed Oliv\u00e9r V\u00e1rhelyi, v\u0161ak vyvolala v Bruselu siln\u00fd odpor ze strany instituc\u00ed i v\u011bdeck\u00e9 obce.<\/p>\n\n

Odpor uvnit\u0159 Komise se projevil pot\u00e9, co jej\u00ed V\u00fdbor pro kontrolu regulace vydal k n\u00e1vrhu politiky negativn\u00ed stanovisko. Tento nez\u00e1visl\u00fd kontroln\u00ed org\u00e1n identifikoval \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatky n\u00e1vrhu a upozornil na chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed empirick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by od\u016fvod\u0148ovaly jednotn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 kategorie nikotinov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed a ot\u00e1zka kruhov\u00e9ho lobbov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Obavy o transparentnost zes\u00edlily po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o finan\u010dn\u00edch vazb\u00e1ch mezi regula\u010dn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny EU a skupinami prosazuj\u00edc\u00edmi ur\u010ditou politiku. Michael Landl, \u0159editel World Vapers‘ Alliance, upozornil, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 organizace vedouc\u00ed kampan\u011b za z\u00e1kaz nikotinu, nap\u0159\u00edklad European Cancer Organisation a Smoke Free Partnership, z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky od instituc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n\n

Zpr\u00e1va zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1<\/a> ma\u010farsk\u00fdm think tankem Free Market Foundation (Szabad Piac Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny<\/em>) vy\u010d\u00edslila ro\u010dn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed dev\u00edti politick\u00fdch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch skupin na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12,8 milionu eur. Z t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky poch\u00e1zelo 12,41 milionu eur, tedy 96,8 %, p\u0159\u00edmo od Evropsk\u00e9 komise.<\/p>\n\n

Analytici tento model ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako \u201ekruhov\u00e9 lobbov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u2013 mechanismus, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 instituce financuj\u00ed extern\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b u t\u011bchto instituc\u00ed lobbuj\u00ed za zaveden\u00ed restriktivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti jednotn\u00e9 regulaci nikotinu<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci a odborn\u00edci na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u011b zpochybnili tvrzen\u00ed komisa\u0159e V\u00e1rhelyiho, \u017ee bezd\u00fdmn\u00e9 nikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed stejn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika jako tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ur\u010den\u00e9 ke spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. V otev\u0159en\u00fdch dopisech p\u0159edsedkyni Komise Ursule von der Leyenov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci odk\u00e1zali na v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00e9 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed toxikologickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e bezd\u00fdmn\u00fdch alternativ.<\/p>\n\n

Debata se dostala do pop\u0159ed\u00ed na 9. v\u011bdeck\u00e9m summitu o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch tab\u00e1kem (SCOHRE) v \u0158ecku, kde l\u00e9ka\u0159\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci vyzvali Brusel, aby p\u0159izp\u016fsobil politiku skute\u010dn\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdm n\u00e1vyk\u016fm. Dr. Mark Tyndall, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0159editel Centra pro kontrolu nemoc\u00ed v Britsk\u00e9 Kolumbii, kritizoval regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na prevenci u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itom opom\u00edjej\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ky:<\/p>\n\n

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\u201ePokud se \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na prevenci nov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee to trvat 30 nebo 40 let. To je naprosto \u0161patn\u00fd c\u00edl.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Specialista na z\u00e1vislosti Raymond Niaura z New York University p\u0159edlo\u017eil \u00fadaje, podle nich\u017e m\u011bla restriktivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bku pro n\u00e1kup na 21 let, na m\u00edru kou\u0159en\u00ed mladistv\u00fdch jen nepatrn\u00fd, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednoprocentn\u00ed dopad. Zpochybnil tak \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b na donucov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Rozd\u00edln\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 modely: sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod versus prohibice<\/h2>\n\n

Regula\u010dn\u00ed debata poukazuje na v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v dopadech na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Evropou. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 za\u010dlenily bezd\u00fdmn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky do strategi\u00ed odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed, hl\u00e1s\u00ed rychl\u00fd pokles m\u00edry kou\u0159en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v zem\u00edch s restriktivn\u00edmi pravidly se roz\u0161i\u0159uje \u010dern\u00fd trh.<\/p>\n\n

Zem\u011b<\/th>Regula\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/th>M\u00edra ka\u017edodenn\u00edho kou\u0159en\u00ed<\/th>Dopad na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/a><\/strong><\/td>P\u0159\u00edstup ke snusu a nikotinov\u00fdm s\u00e1\u010dk\u016fm p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd m\u00ed\u0159e rizika<\/td>3.7%<\/td>Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra v\u00fdskytu rakoviny plic v EU (39 na 100 000 oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru EU 95)<\/td><\/tr>
Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land<\/a><\/strong><\/td>Regulovan\u00e1 dostupnost alternativ ke kou\u0159en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b vapovac\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<\/td>6.8%<\/td>Urychlen\u00fd odklon od tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch ke spalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/a><\/strong><\/td>Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed vapov\u00e1n\u00ed do klinick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>~10,0 %<\/td>Dlouhodob\u00fd a soustavn\u00fd pokles u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed cigaret<\/td><\/tr>
Turecko<\/a><\/strong><\/td>P\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kaz\u016f podle r\u00e1mce WHO MPOWER<\/td>32.1%<\/td>M\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed se navzdory restriktivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm op\u011bt zv\u00fd\u0161ila<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Kardiolog Konstantinos Farsalinos na summitu SCOHRE zd\u016fraznil v\u00fdsledky \u0160v\u00e9dska a upozornil, \u017ee zdravotn\u00ed poradn\u00ed org\u00e1ny EU \u00fasp\u011bchy t\u00e9to zem\u011b pravideln\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n

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\u201eSna\u017e\u00ed se bojovat proti rakovin\u011b, ale p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed zemi, kter\u00e9 se ji prakticky poda\u0159ilo dostat pod kontrolu a kter\u00e1 je nav\u00edc \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem EU.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Naproti tomu zem\u011b jako Nizozemsko, Belgie a Francie zavedly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy p\u0159\u00edchut\u00ed a jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch vapovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed spot\u0159ebu neodstranila, ale nasm\u011brovala dosp\u011bl\u00e9 u\u017eivatele k neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm distribu\u010dn\u00edm kan\u00e1l\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dohledateln\u00e9 a nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed regulaci.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a rizika da\u0148ov\u00e9 harmonizace<\/h2>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 dopady nemoc\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s tab\u00e1kem dosahuj\u00ed v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU odhadem 130 miliard eur ro\u010dn\u011b, a to v podob\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a ztr\u00e1t produktivity. Ekonomov\u00e9 varuj\u00ed, \u017ee agresivn\u00ed harmonizace zdan\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm rizikem ohro\u017euje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 finance.<\/p>\n\n

Panagiotis Liargovas, p\u0159edseda Centra pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum (KEPE), varoval, \u017ee da\u0148ov\u00e1 harmonizace mus\u00ed zohled\u0148ovat jednotliv\u00e9 kategorie v\u00fdrobk\u016f: \u201eDa\u0148ov\u00e1 harmonizace a ekonomick\u00e1 rovnocennost nejsou tot\u00e9\u017e.\u201c Zaveden\u00ed jednotn\u00fdch minim\u00e1ln\u00edch sazeb dan\u011b na alternativn\u00ed v\u00fdrobky m\u016f\u017ee ku\u0159\u00e1ky odrazovat od p\u0159echodu na m\u00e9n\u011b rizikov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Evropsk\u00e1 komise dokon\u010duje form\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vrh sm\u011brnice o tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch<\/a>, Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Rada EU stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00fakolem vyv\u00e1\u017eit opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu mladistv\u00fdch se strategiemi sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z d\u016fkaz\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

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