{"id":71713,"date":"2026-10-19T07:15:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T07:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/norway-generational-smoking-collapse-study"},"modified":"2026-10-20T06:40:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T06:40:21","slug":"norway-generational-smoking-collapse-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/cs\/studie-o-vapingu\/norway-generational-smoking-collapse-study","title":{"rendered":"M\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed v Norsku nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi prudce kles\u00e1, ukazuje studie Lancet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Anal\u00fdza norsk\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f za obdob\u00ed 45 let odhaluje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd genera\u010dn\u00ed \u00fastup od u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku. Studie mapuje, jak se u obyvatel narozen\u00fdch v letech 1950 a\u017e 2000 m\u011bnily m\u00edra za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed s kou\u0159en\u00edm, intenzita ka\u017edodenn\u00edho kou\u0159en\u00ed a vzorce odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise The Lancet Regional Health \u2013 Europe<\/em> p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy zdravotnick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny posuzuj\u00ed mo\u017enost zaveden\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00edho programu screeningu rakoviny plic.<\/p>\n\n

Rakovina plic je v Norsku st\u00e1le p\u00e1tou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b na ni zem\u0159e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 200 lid\u00ed a v roce 2022 p\u0159edstavovala 19,3 % v\u0161ech \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se vyskytuje u sou\u010dasn\u00fdch \u010di b\u00fdval\u00fdch ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f, je pro n\u00e1vrh c\u00edlen\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o celo\u017eivotn\u00ed expozici, nikoli pouze aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f o prevalenci.<\/p>\n\n

Rekonstrukce \u010dty\u0159 desetilet\u00ed expozice tab\u00e1ku<\/h2>\n\n

Aby zrekonstruovali tyto genera\u010dn\u00ed trendy, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Jacopem Di Silvestrem<\/a> vyhodnotil \u00fadaje z pr\u016fzkum\u016f norsk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu Statistics Norway prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch v letech 1978 a\u017e 2024. Po vy\u0159azen\u00ed ne\u00fapln\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00fdch ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f analyzoval t\u00fdm soubor 78 282 respondent\u016f ve v\u011bku od 16 do 79 let.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pou\u017eili model v\u011bku, obdob\u00ed a kohorty (APC), kter\u00fd odd\u011bluje t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlivy: \u00fa\u010dinky st\u00e1rnut\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota, \u00fa\u010dinky dan\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s celost\u00e1tn\u00edmi politikami a \u00fa\u010dinky kohorty typick\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed roky narozen\u00ed. Model sledoval individu\u00e1ln\u00ed trajektorie po\u010d\u00ednaje v\u011bkem 8 let u zah\u00e1jen\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed a 15 let u jeho ukon\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Od vrcholu m\u00edry za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed s kou\u0159en\u00edm k rychlej\u0161\u00edmu odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dadaje ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee celo\u017eivotn\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo vrcholu u Nor\u016f narozen\u00fdch v roce 1950: t\u00fdkalo se 70 % mu\u017e\u016f a 66 % \u017een. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch generac\u00edch pod\u00edl postupn\u011b klesal, u \u017een v\u0161ak tento trend nastoupil se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. \u017deny narozen\u00e9 v letech 1960 a\u017e 1975 kou\u0159ily \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e mu\u017ei; u kohorty narozen\u00e9 v roce 1980 se m\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed u obou pohlav\u00ed vyrovnala a u mlad\u0161\u00edch kohort klesla u \u017een pod \u00farove\u0148 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00edra zah\u00e1jen\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed dosahovala ve v\u0161ech kohort\u00e1ch vrcholu ve v\u011bku 19 let, celkov\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u0161ak postupem \u010dasu klesala. Mezit\u00edm se tempo odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed rychle zvy\u0161ovalo. U kohort narozen\u00fdch p\u0159ed rokem 1965 vzrostla pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159estane kou\u0159it, za 40 let pouze o 5 %. U generac\u00ed narozen\u00fdch po roce 1965 se za polovi\u010dn\u00ed dobu zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 5 % na 15 %.<\/p>\n\n

Ukazatel<\/th>Kohorta narozen\u00e1 v roce 1950 (vrchol)<\/th>Mlad\u0161\u00ed kohorty (1980\u20132000)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Prevalence osob, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkdy kou\u0159ily (mu\u017ei)<\/strong><\/td>70%<\/td>V\u00fdrazn\u00fd klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend<\/td><\/tr>
Prevalence osob, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkdy kou\u0159ily (\u017eeny)<\/strong><\/td>66%<\/td>V\u00fdrazn\u00fd klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend<\/td><\/tr>
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed spot\u0159eba (mu\u017ei)<\/strong><\/td>15 cigaret denn\u011b<\/td>10 cigaret denn\u011b (kohorta narozen\u00e1 v roce 2000)<\/td><\/tr>
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed denn\u00ed spot\u0159eba (\u017eeny)<\/strong><\/td>12 cigaret denn\u011b<\/td>7,5 cigarety denn\u011b (kohorta narozen\u00e1 v roce 2000)<\/td><\/tr>
Tempo odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>Pomal\u00e9 (n\u00e1r\u016fst z 0 % na 5 % za 40 let)<\/td>Rychl\u00e9 (n\u00e1r\u016fst z 5 % na 15 % za 20 let)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n
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