{"id":31200,"date":"2021-11-10T09:28:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/nizozemska-narodna-preventivna-dohoda-bez-dymu-2040"},"modified":"2026-06-07T16:08:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T16:08:44","slug":"nizozemska-narodna-preventivna-dohoda-bez-dymu-2040","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/spravy-zo-sveta-vapingu\/nizozemska-narodna-preventivna-dohoda-bez-dymu-2040","title":{"rendered":"Gener\u00e1cia bez dymu v Nizozemsku: cesta k tabaku-free roku 2040"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nizozemsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da spustila vysoko koordinovan\u00fd, viacsektorov\u00fd \u00fatok na u\u017e\u00edvanie tabaku a prech\u00e1dza svoj zdravotn\u00edcky model z reakt\u00edvnej lie\u010dby na proakt\u00edvnu prevenciu. T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia, zakotven\u00e1 v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.government.nl\/documents\/reports\/2019\/06\/30\/the-national-prevention-agreement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">N\u00e1rodnej prevent\u00edvnej dohode z roku 2018<\/a> (NPA), vyu\u017e\u00edva spolo\u010densk\u00fa pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165 hnutia \u201eGener\u00e1cia bez dymu\u201c (SFG) na znevidite\u013enenie nikot\u00ednovej z\u00e1vislosti a ochranu bud\u00facich gener\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impulz z d\u00e1t pre zmenu<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumu publikovan\u00e9ho v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41533-022-00321-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Nature<\/a> Nizozemsko historicky z\u00e1pasilo s vplyvnou tabakovou lobby a stagnuj\u00facimi mierami faj\u010denia. NPA bola vypracovan\u00e1 s cie\u013eom \u010deli\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017enej kr\u00edze verejn\u00e9ho zdravia: u\u017e\u00edvanie tabaku si v krajine vy\u017eiada viac ne\u017e 20 000 \u00famrt\u00ed ro\u010dne, \u010do predstavuje 9,4 % celkovej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee chorobami, a ka\u017edoro\u010dne stoj\u00ed zdravotn\u00edcky syst\u00e9m 2,4 miliardy \u20ac.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u00fadaje z roku 2017 odhalili v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 demografick\u00e9 a socioekonomick\u00e9 rozdiely, ktor\u00e9 Nizozemsk\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 rada pre vl\u00e1dnu politiku (WRR) ozna\u010dila za k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd probl\u00e9m soci\u00e1lnej spravodlivosti. Ob\u010dania s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edjmami a s men\u0161\u00edm vzdelan\u00edm v Nizozemsku pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v priemere o osemn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov menej zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivota v porovnan\u00ed s bohat\u0161\u00edmi skupinami. NPA zameriava tieto zranite\u013en\u00e9 skupiny, kde sa miery faj\u010denia historicky najviac zvy\u0161ovali.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Demografick\u00e1 skupina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Faj\u010diarska miera v\u00fdchodiskov\u00e9ho obdobia (2017)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">N\u00e1rodn\u00fd cie\u013e do roku 2040<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Dospel\u00ed (&gt;18)<\/strong><\/td><td>23,1 % (25,7 % v skupin\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkym socioekonomick\u00fdm statusom)<\/td><td>&lt; 5,0 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ml\u00e1de\u017e (12 \u2013 16)<\/strong><\/td><td>8,0 % (17,0 % na stredn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch pred odbornou pr\u00edpravou)<\/td><td>0.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ml\u00e1de\u017e (16 \u2013 18)<\/strong><\/td><td>32,8 % (v odbornom\/vy\u0161\u0161om odbornom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed)<\/td><td>0.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny<\/strong><\/td><td>9,0 % (22,0 % v skupin\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkymi pr\u00edjmami)<\/td><td>0.0%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategick\u00fd pilier I: Znevidite\u013enenie tabaku cez tvrd\u00e9 aj m\u00e4kk\u00e9 opatrenia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aby vl\u00e1da zbavila tabak statusu be\u017en\u00e9ho spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9ho produktu, zavedla dvojko\u013eajov\u00fa strat\u00e9giu kombinuj\u00facu pr\u00edsne legislat\u00edvne po\u017eiadavky s lok\u00e1lnymi zmenami prostredia:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tvrd\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia:<\/strong> Patria sem zv\u00fd\u0161enie dane o 1 \u20ac v roku 2020 (s kone\u010dn\u00fdm cie\u013eom 10 \u20ac za balenie), zavedenie \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9ho neutr\u00e1lneho obalu (Pantone 448 C) a komplexn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy zobrazovania produktu v mieste predaja v supermarketoch aj v maloobchodn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00e4kk\u00e9 zmeny v prostred\u00ed:<\/strong> V spolupr\u00e1ci s miestnymi samospr\u00e1vami a organiz\u00e1ciami ako NOC*NSF \u0161t\u00e1t pres\u00fava ihrisk\u00e1, kontaktn\u00e9 zoologick\u00e9 z\u00e1hrady a \u0161portov\u00e9 kluby do z\u00f3n 100 % bez dymu. V\u0161etky are\u00e1ly \u0161k\u00f4l \u2013 od z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l po univerzity \u2013 mali by\u0165 nariaden\u00edm uveden\u00e9 do stavu bez dymu do roku 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategick\u00fd pilier II: Dostupn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 a transform\u00e1cia zdravotn\u00edctva<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uvedomuj\u00fac si, \u017ee zmeny v prostred\u00ed musia by\u0165 podlo\u017een\u00e9 dostupn\u00fdmi zdrojmi na ukon\u010denie u\u017e\u00edvania, Nizozemsko v roku 2020 reformovalo syst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00e9ho poistenia. Behavior\u00e1lna podpora a lieky na odvykanie s\u00fa dnes \u00faplne osloboden\u00e9 od \u201evlastn\u00e9ho rizika\u201c (spolu\u00fa\u010dasti), \u010d\u00edm sa odstr\u00e1nia finan\u010dn\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa presta\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okrem toho prebieha povinn\u00e1 postupn\u00e1 transform\u00e1cia zdravotn\u00edckych zariaden\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu statusov \u201eZlat\u00e1, Strieborn\u00e1 a Bronzov\u00e1\u201c boli centr\u00e1 lie\u010dby z\u00e1vislost\u00ed nariaden\u00e9 by\u0165 do roku 2020 na 100 % bez dymu a v\u0161etky nemocnice museli dosiahnu\u0165 bezdymov\u00fd status do roku 2025. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci maj\u00fa \u00eds\u0165 pr\u00edkladom a po\u010das pracovn\u00fdch hod\u00edn udr\u017eiava\u0165 pr\u00edsne bezdymov\u00fd profil.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategick\u00fd pilier III: Firemn\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 a odpredaje (divestment)<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nizozemsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u00faspe\u0161ne r\u00e1mcuje kontrolu tabaku ako ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0165azstvo pre s\u00fakromn\u00fd sektor a opiera sa o \u00fadaje, pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch faj\u010diari v priemere \u010derpaj\u00fa o 2,8 d\u0148a viac \u201echor\u00fdch dn\u00ed\u201c ro\u010dne ne\u017e nefaj\u010diari. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti ako KPN a ABN AMRO akt\u00edvne prijali \u0161tandardy \u201eFaj\u010denie bez organiz\u00e1cie\u201c (Smoke-Free Organization), poskytuj\u00fa intern\u00fa podporu pri odvykan\u00ed a obmedzuj\u00fa vedenie firiem v zast\u00e1van\u00ed konfliktn\u00fdch rol\u00ed v tabakovom priemysle.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toto firemn\u00e9 zos\u00faladenie sa odr\u00e1\u017ea aj v mas\u00edvnom trende finan\u010dn\u00fdch odpredajov. NPA smeruje k tomu, aby sa aspo\u0148 16 z 20 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch nizozemsk\u00fdch in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnych investorov \u00faplne stiahlo v\u0161etky finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky z podielov s\u00favisiacich s tabakom, \u010d\u00edm sa posil\u0148uje systematick\u00e9 vyl\u00fa\u010denie tabakov\u00e9ho priemyslu z nizozemskej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cesta k roku 2040: monitorovanie a ostra\u017eitos\u0165<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1rodn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat pre verejn\u00e9 zdravie a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie (RIVM) funguje ako hlavn\u00fd \u201edohliada\u010d\u201c tejto transform\u00e1cie, predklad\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o pokroku a komplexn\u00e9 \u0161tvorro\u010dn\u00e9 h\u013abkov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, aby tvorcovia polit\u00edk mohli doladi\u0165 regul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoci sa pri po\u010diato\u010dnej implement\u00e1cii NPA v n\u00e1rodnom meradle zn\u00ed\u017eila miera faj\u010denia z 21,7 % v roku 2019 na 20,2 % v roku 2020, pokrok sa v roku 2021 mierne spomalil (vzr\u00e1stol na 20,6 %) v d\u00f4sledku stresu s\u00favisiaceho s pand\u00e9miou a dlh\u0161ie trvaj\u00faceho prechodu v r\u00e1mci vl\u00e1dy. Analytici verejn\u00e9ho zdravia zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee neust\u00e1la politick\u00e1 ostra\u017eitos\u0165 a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 financovanie s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9, aby Nizozemsko \u00faspe\u0161ne naplnilo svoj s\u013eub bezdymovej bud\u00facnosti do roku 2040.<\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referencie: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.government.nl\/themes\/family-health-and-care\/smoking\/government-measures-to-discourage-smoking\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vl\u00e1dne opatrenia na odr\u00e1dzanie od faj\u010denia<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dkfz.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Krebspraevention\/Download\/pdf\/Deutsche_Konferenz_fuer_Tabakkontrolle\/20_Deutsche_Konferenz_fuer_Tabakkontrolle\/2022_Willemsen-M_Smokefree-Generation-in-the-Netherlands.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gener\u00e1cia bez dymu v Nizozemsku: relevantn\u00fd pr\u00edklad pre Nemecko?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ako Nizozemsko vyu\u017e\u00edva N\u00e1rodn\u00fa prevent\u00edvnu dohodu, odpredaje (divestment) spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a reformu zdravotnej starostlivosti na odstr\u00e1nenie faj\u010denia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30684,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2030],"tags":[2200,2153],"class_list":["post-31200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spravy-zo-sveta-vapingu","tag-generacny-zakaz-fajcenia","tag-holandsko"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31200"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31200\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}