Almanya t\u00fct\u00fcn vergilerinden her y\u0131l 17,6 milyar \u20ac gelir elde ederken, sigaran\u0131n toplumsal ve ekonomik verdi\u011fi zarar her y\u0131l 97 milyar \u20ac\u2019yu a\u015f\u0131yor. Artan t\u0131bbi harcamalar, i\u015fyerindeki \u00fcretkenlik kayb\u0131 ve her y\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fclen 130.000 t\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm; kamuoyunu ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerini 80 milyar \u20ac\u2019luk bir a\u00e7\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Dortmund Intertabac\u2019a<\/a> ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve sigara aksesuarlar\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret fuar\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131nda, nikotin t\u00fcketiminin ekonomik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yeniden daha yak\u0131ndan inceleniyor. Fuara 14.000\u2019den fazla uluslararas\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7i gelmesine ra\u011fmen, resmi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Alman toplumu \u00fczerinde devasa bir mali y\u00fck olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n Bir sigara paketi, bir otomat \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 \u20ac tutuyor. Sigara i\u00e7enler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u00fcksek \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim vergilerinin kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 dengeledi\u011fini savunuyor olsa da; federal veriler, devletin vergi gelirleri ile ger\u00e7ek ekonomik zarar aras\u0131ndaki devasa fark\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n Geleneksel fabrikasyon sigaralar h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fclkede en bask\u0131n t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Federal Uyu\u015fturucu Komiseri Hendrik Streeck\u2019in veri portal\u0131na<\/a> g\u00f6re, Almanya\u2019daki t\u00fcketiciler 2024\u2019te yakla\u015f\u0131k 66 milyar sigara i\u00e7ti. \u0130statistiksel olarak her Alman sakininin y\u0131lda neredeyse 800 sigara t\u00fcketti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor; perakende sat\u0131\u015fta ise ba\u015fl\u0131ca kanallar akaryak\u0131t istasyonlar\u0131 ve marketler.<\/p>\n\n Di\u011fer geleneksel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde talep daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Sigaralar ve purocikler 2024\u2019te 2,3 milyar adet sat\u0131l\u0131rken; pipo t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ve nargile t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pazar paylar\u0131na sahipti. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k alternatif nikotin iletim sistemleri istikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. 2024\u2019te perakendeciler 1,3 milyon litre e-s\u0131v\u0131 ve \u00f6nceden doldurulmu\u015f vaping podu satt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n Alman Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (DKFZ) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan 2025 T\u00fct\u00fcn Atlas\u0131<\/a> verilerine g\u00f6re, Almanyal\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlerin d\u00f6rtte biri \u015fu anda sigara i\u00e7iyor. Genel sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 son on y\u0131lda ya\u015f\u00e7a daha b\u00fcy\u00fck gruplarda d\u00fc\u015fse de, gen\u00e7lerde sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 hafif bir yeniden canlanma g\u00f6sterdi: 12-17 ya\u015f aras\u0131 ergenlerin %7\u2019si aktif t\u00fct\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n Gen\u00e7 yeti\u015fkinler sigara i\u00e7enler i\u00e7inde en y\u00fcksek paya sahip. 18-29 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda, erkeklerin %40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %30\u2019u t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kullan\u0131yor. Bu grupta vaping h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Uyu\u015fturucu Komiseri Hendrik Streeck, yeti\u015fkinlerde e-sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 2015\u2019te %2,5\u2019ten 2024\u2019te %8,3\u2019e s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n DKFZ hesaplamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, sigaran\u0131n Almanya\u2019da topluma y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam maliyeti 97 milyar \u20ac\u2019yu a\u015f\u0131yor. Bu rakam; do\u011frudan sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve engellilik ile erken \u00f6l\u00fcm kaynakl\u0131 dolayl\u0131 ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131 bir araya getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n Do\u011frudan maliyetler; hastane tedavileri, uzman ila\u00e7lar, rehabilitasyon ve kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcreli hem\u015firelik bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 AOK NordWest\u2019in bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re<\/a>, sigaraya ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle hastaneye yat\u0131\u015flar 2024\u2019te %2,5 artt\u0131. Sadece klinik servislerde 112.000\u2019den fazla hasta tedavi edildi yaln\u0131zca Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya b\u00f6lgesinde<\/a>. \u00dclke genelinde 2024\u2019teki t\u00fcm hastane yat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n %2,3\u2019\u00fc do\u011frudan sigara kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klara atfedildi.<\/p>\n\n Dolayl\u0131 maliyetler, 97 milyar \u20ac\u2019luk toplam y\u00fck\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bu kay\u0131plar; \u00fcretkenlik kayb\u0131ndan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli i\u015fe gelmeme durumlar\u0131ndan ve hastal\u0131k nedeniyle kal\u0131c\u0131 erken emeklilikten kaynaklan\u0131yor. Sigara i\u00e7meyen i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131 ekstra i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenirken, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kronik solunum yolu veya kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle hastal\u0131k izni ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fverenler, \u00fccret \u00f6demelerinin do\u011frudan maliyetini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, t\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcketiminden \u00f6nemli bir gelir elde ediyor. 2025\u2019te sigara \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim vergileri, Federal \u0130statistik Ofisi<\/a> (Destatis) verilerine g\u00f6re 13 milyar \u20ac\u2019nun \u00fczerinde gelir sa\u011flad\u0131. Buna purolara, ince do\u011franm\u0131\u015f t\u00fct\u00fcne (fine-cut) ve katma de\u011fer vergisine (KDV) uygulanan vergiler de eklendi\u011finde; toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fct\u00fcn vergisi gelirleri 17,6 milyar \u20ac\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n Bu \u00f6nemli gelir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, devletin elde etti\u011fi tahsilatlar t\u00fct\u00fcnle ili\u015fkili hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\nAlmanya\u2019da Sigara T\u00fcketimi ve Vaping\u2019in Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/h2>\n\n
\n\n97 Milyar \u20ac\u2019luk Ekonomik Y\u00fck: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Harcamalar\u0131 ve \u00dcretkenlik Kayb\u0131<\/h2>\n\n
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\n<\/div>\n\nT\u00fct\u00fcn Vergisi Geliri ve Kamu Harcamalar\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n