{"id":70335,"date":"2026-10-08T12:23:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/incelemeleri\/eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying"},"modified":"2026-10-09T10:35:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T10:35:30","slug":"eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagvape.com\/tr\/haberleri\/eu-tobacco-directive-scrutiny-science-lobbying","title":{"rendered":"AB T\u00fct\u00fcn Direktifi, Kan\u0131t Eksiklikleri ve D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel Lobicilik Nedeniyle Mercek Alt\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Avrupa Komisyonu, d\u00fczenleyici denetimi geleneksel t\u00fct\u00fcnden nikotin po\u015fetleri ve vape aromalar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm nikotin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine geni\u015fletmeyi ama\u00e7layan bir ad\u0131mla T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Direktifi’ni<\/a> (TPD) g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Ancak Sa\u011fl\u0131k Komiseri Oliv\u00e9r V\u00e1rhelyi liderli\u011findeki bu yasama giri\u015fimi, Br\u00fcksel genelinde kurumsal ve bilimsel d\u00fczeyde sert itirazlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Avrupa Komisyonu’nun D\u00fczenleyici \u0130nceleme Kurulu’nun taslak politikaya olumsuz de\u011ferlendirme vermesinin ard\u0131ndan kurum i\u00e7inden itirazlar y\u00fckseldi. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetim kurulu, teklifte d\u00f6rt kritik eksiklik tespit ederek birbirinden farkl\u0131 nikotin \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorilerine tek tip k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilmesini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karacak ampirik kan\u0131tlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n

Kamu Finansman\u0131 ve D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel Lobicilik Meselesi<\/h2>\n\n

AB d\u00fczenleyicileri ile politika savunuculu\u011fu gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mali ba\u011flara ili\u015fkin if\u015falar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015feffafl\u0131k konusundaki endi\u015feler artt\u0131. World Vapers’ Alliance direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Michael Landl, European Cancer Organisation ve Smoke Free Partnership gibi nikotin yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan \u00f6nde gelen kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Avrupa Birli\u011fi kurumlar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli miktarda finansman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n\n

Macar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu Free Market Foundation (Szabad Piac Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny<\/em>) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan bir rapor<\/a>, dokuz siyasi savunuculuk grubuna da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k kamu finansman\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 12,8 milyon \u20ac oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Bu tutar\u0131n 12,41 milyon \u20ac’su, yani %96,8’i do\u011frudan Avrupa Komisyonu’ndan geldi.<\/p>\n\n

Analistler bu d\u00fczenlemeyi, kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etti\u011fi ve bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n daha sonra ayn\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 politikalar uygulamaya ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in lobi faaliyetinde bulundu\u011fu bir mekanizma olan “d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel lobicilik” \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Tek Tip Nikotin D\u00fczenlemelerine Bilimsel \u0130tirazlar<\/h2>\n\n

T\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131, Komiser V\u00e1rhelyi’nin dumans\u0131z nikotin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yanmal\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcnle e\u015fde\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131na resmen itiraz etti. Komisyon Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ursula von der Leyen’e hitaben yaz\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k mektuplarda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yanmas\u0131z alternatiflerin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toksikolojik risk profiline sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren 130’dan fazla bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya<\/a> at\u0131fta bulundu.<\/p>\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fma, Yunanistan’da d\u00fczenlenen 9. T\u00fct\u00fcn Zarar\u0131n\u0131n Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 Bilimsel Zirvesi’nde (SCOHRE) \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u0131p uzmanlar\u0131, Br\u00fcksel’i politikalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla uyumlu h\u00e2le getirmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. British Columbia Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi’nin eski direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Mark Tyndall, yaln\u0131zca gen\u00e7leri korumaya odaklan\u0131p yeti\u015fkin sigara i\u00e7enleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri ele\u015ftirdi:<\/p>\n\n

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“\u00c7abalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye odaklamak 30 ya da 40 y\u0131l s\u00fcrebilir. Bu, tamamen yanl\u0131\u015f bir hedeftir.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

New York \u00dcniversitesi’nden ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k uzman\u0131 Raymond Niaura, sat\u0131n alma ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 21’e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki sigara i\u00e7me oran\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k %1’lik bir etki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren veriler sundu ve yaln\u0131zca zorlay\u0131c\u0131 politikalara dayanan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini sorgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Avrupa’da Farkl\u0131 Modeller: Zarar\u0131n Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Yasaklama<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00fczenlemelere ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma, Avrupa genelindeki halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Dumans\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakma stratejilerine d\u00e2hil eden \u00fclkelerde sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015ferken, k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler uygulayan \u00fclkelerde karaborsa b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dclke<\/th>D\u00fczenleme Stratejisi<\/th>G\u00fcnl\u00fck Sigara \u0130\u00e7me Oran\u0131<\/th>Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sonucu<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0130sve\u00e7<\/a><\/strong><\/td>Snus ve nikotin po\u015fetlerine riskle orant\u0131l\u0131 eri\u015fim<\/td>3.7%<\/td>AB’deki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck akci\u011fer kanseri oran\u0131 (100.000 ki\u015fide 39; AB ortalamas\u0131 95)<\/td><\/tr>
Yeni Zelanda<\/a><\/strong><\/td>Vape alternatiflerinin d\u00fczenlemeye tabi olarak piyasada bulunmas\u0131<\/td>6.8%<\/td>Yanmal\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcnden uzakla\u015fman\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/a><\/strong><\/td>Vape \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin klinik sigara b\u0131rakma ara\u00e7lar\u0131na d\u00e2hil edilmesi<\/td>~%10,0<\/td>Yanmal\u0131 sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131nda uzun vadeli ve istikrarl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00fcrkiye<\/a><\/strong><\/td>DS\u00d6 MPOWER yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131<\/td>32.1%<\/td>K\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 politikalara ra\u011fmen sigara i\u00e7me oran\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckseldi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Kardiyolog Konstantinos Farsalinos, SCOHRE zirvesinde \u0130sve\u00e7’in elde etti\u011fi sonucun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek AB sa\u011fl\u0131k kurullar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sve\u00e7’in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 rutin olarak g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011fini belirtti:<\/p>\n\n

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“Kanserle m\u00fccadele etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bunu neredeyse ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olan ve \u00fcstelik bir AB \u00fcyesi olan \u00fclkeyi g\u00f6rmezden geliyorlar.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Hollanda, Bel\u00e7ika ve Fransa gibi \u00fclkeler aroma ve tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k cihazlara y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 yasaklar getirdi. Bu politikalar t\u00fcketimi ortadan kald\u0131rmak yerine yeti\u015fkin kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 izlenemeyen ve d\u00fczenlemeye tabi olmayan ka\u00e7ak sat\u0131\u015f kanallar\u0131na y\u00f6neltti.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomik Y\u00fckler ve Vergi Uyumla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n Riskleri<\/h2>\n\n

AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerde t\u00fct\u00fcn kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ekonomik etkisinin, do\u011frudan sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131 ve verimlilik kay\u0131plar\u0131 d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 130 milyar \u20ac’ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Ekonomistler, riski azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelik agresif vergi uyumla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n kamu maliyesini tehdit etti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomik ve End\u00fcstriyel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi (KEPE) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Panagiotis Liargovas, mali uyumla\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorilerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu: “Mali uyumla\u015ft\u0131rma ile ekonomik e\u015fde\u011ferlik ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.” Alternatif \u00fcr\u00fcnlere tek tip asgari vergi uygulamak, sigara i\u00e7enlerin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck riskli se\u00e7eneklere ge\u00e7me iste\u011fini azaltabilir.<\/p>\n\n

Avrupa Komisyonu T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Direktifi<\/a> i\u00e7in resm\u00ee teklifini nihai h\u00e2le getirirken, Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi yeti\u015fkin sigara i\u00e7enlere y\u00f6nelik kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 zarar azaltma stratejileri ile gen\u00e7leri koruma \u00f6nlemleri aras\u0131nda denge kurma zorlu\u011fuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n\n

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